A Comprehensive Guide for First-Time Homebuyers: What documents are a must-check before buying a home?

Buying Your First Home? Don’t Miss These Must-Check Documents

For first-time homebuyers, the excitement of owning a property can often overshadow the crucial due diligence required before signing on the dotted line. Beyond the aesthetics and amenities, what truly safeguards your investment are the documents backing the property’s legal and financial soundness. Here’s a concise checklist of the key documents you must verify before purchasing a home:

1. Title Deed
The most vital document, a title deed establishes legal ownership. Ensure the seller has a clear title free from disputes. Insist on the original document and get it legally vetted.

2. Sale Agreement
This document defines the terms and conditions agreed upon by both parties. It should clearly mention the payment schedule, possession date, and penalty clauses for delays or defaults.

3. Encumbrance Certificate
This certificate confirms that the property is free from legal or monetary liabilities. It reflects whether the property has any outstanding loan or mortgage. Ideally, request a 15-year record.

4. Approved Building Plan
Ensure that the construction has been approved by the local municipal authority. Unauthorized extensions or deviations could lead to demolition or fines.

5. Occupancy Certificate (OC)
Issued by the municipal body post-construction, an OC certifies that the property complies with building codes and is fit for occupancy. This is a must for ready-to-move-in homes.

6. Completion Certificate
For new constructions, this document is a legal proof that the builder has completed the project as per approved plans and regulations.

7. Khata Certificate / Property Tax Receipts
In states like Karnataka, a Khata certificate is essential for property registration and transfer. Also, check that property tax has been paid up-to-date to avoid future liabilities.

8. Loan Sanction and No Dues Certificate (If Applicable)
If the seller had taken a loan, ensure there’s a No Dues Certificate from the bank. This clears the home of any financial liabilities before resale.

Final Word
Due diligence isn’t just a legal formality — it’s your protection. Whether you’re buying from a builder, a reseller, or investing in an under-construction property, consult a legal advisor to verify every document. After all, your dream home deserves a foundation built not just on walls—but on legitimacy.